Risk of Developing Congenital Glaucoma in Premature Infants with Large Cup/Disc Ratio

Purpose@#To investigate the risk of congenital glaucoma development in premature infants with large cup/disc ratios: a long-term follow-up study. @*Methods@#The medical records of premature infants with cup/disc ratios of at least 0.3 were retrospectively reviewed. Ophthalmic examinations, including measurements of intraocular pressure (IOP) corneal diameter, and dilated fundoscopy, were periodically performed. Changes in the cup/disc ratio from the first examination to the last follow-up were sought, and clinical factors associated with such changes were analyzed. In addition, glaucoma development was investigated. @*Results@#Seventy-four patients were included; they were monitored for up to 33.96 ± 19.86 months (based on corrected age). At first examination, the mean IOP was 17.12 ± 4.01 mmHg and the horizontal corneal diameter 10.34 ± 0.83 mm. The mean cup/disc ratio was 0.54 ± 0.14 at the first visit and increased significantly to 0.57 ± 0.14 at the last follow-up (p < 0.001). A small baseline cup/disc ratio was associated with a greater change in the cup/disc ratio (regression coefficient β = -0.111, p = 0.028). We found no significant association of such change with gestational age, birth weight, IOP, or corneal diameter. We encountered no case of congenital glaucoma. @*Conclusions@#Even if the cup/disc ratio is at least 0.3 in premature infants, the risk of glaucoma does not seem to be high if the IOP is not high. Prospective studies on more patients are needed.

Validity and Reliability of a Korean Version of Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C) / 간호학회지

PURPOSE: This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Korean version of Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C). METHODS: Participants were 419 young adolescent students (11~15 years old). The content validity of the expert group was calculated as the content validity index (CVI) after the translation and reverse translation process of the 25 items of the YFAS-C. The multitrait-multimethod matrix (MTMM) method was used to verify the construct validity; the generalized linear model (GLM) was used to evaluate the concurrent and incremental validity. Reliability was calculated as Kuder-Richardson-20 (KR-20) and Spearman-Brown coefficients. RESULTS: The CVI of the 25 items was greater than the item-level CVI .80 and the scale-level CVI .90. The Korean version of YFAS-C had verified convergent validity in emotional eating and external eating and discriminant validity in restrained eating. In addition, it had verified concurrent validity in emotional eating and external eating. Finally the incremental validity of the Korean version of YFAS-C was statistically significant on BMI. Reliability was KR-20 α=.69 and the Spearman-Brown coefficient was .64. CONCLUSION: The Korean version of YFAS-C is a valid and reliable scale for measuring the severity of food addiction; it can be a useful scale for preventing obesity by predicting food addiction early.

Validity and Reliability of a Korean Version of Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C)

PURPOSE@#This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Korean version of Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children (YFAS-C).@*METHODS@#Participants were 419 young adolescent students (11~15 years old). The content validity of the expert group was calculated as the content validity index (CVI) after the translation and reverse translation process of the 25 items of the YFAS-C. The multitrait-multimethod matrix (MTMM) method was used to verify the construct validity; the generalized linear model (GLM) was used to evaluate the concurrent and incremental validity. Reliability was calculated as Kuder-Richardson-20 (KR-20) and Spearman-Brown coefficients.@*RESULTS@#TheCVI of the 25 items was greater than the item-level CVI .80 and the scale-level CVI .90. The Korean version of YFAS-C had verified convergent validity in emotional eating and external eating and discriminant validity in restrained eating. In addition, it had verified concurrent validity in emotional eating and external eating. Finally the incremental validity of the Korean version of YFAS-C was statistically significant on BMI. Reliability was KR-20 α=.69 and the Spearman-Brown coefficient was .64.@*CONCLUSION@#The Korean version of YFAS-C is a valid and reliable scale for measuring the severity of food addiction; it can be a useful scale for preventing obesity by predicting food addiction early.

Difficulties in Caring for Psychiatric Patient as Experienced by Non-Psychiatric Nurses

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to identify non-psychiatric nurses' difficulties in caring for patients with mental illness. METHODS: Data were collected from eighteen general medical-surgical nurses working at a university hospital in Seoul, Korea. This study involved two focus group discussions and three in-depth individual interviews. All interviews were recorded and transcribed as they were spoken, and data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: General medical-surgical nurses experienced difficulties in 3 categories, 9 subcategories, 27 codes. The three categories were ‘nurse’ related factors, ‘patient’ related factors, ‘resource’ related factors. The nine categories were ‘unpreparedness’, ‘nursing barriers due to stigma’, ‘undervaluing and avoidance of psychiatric nursing’, ‘eroding into the trap of a vicious cycle’, ‘facing unapproachable patients’, ‘dealing with unhelpful family members’, ‘burdening already overburdened staff’, ‘obstructive environment’, and ‘isolation of staff with heavy responsibilities’. CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate the need to develop psychiatric mental health education programs for non-psychiatric nurses. Education about psychiatric mental health and support from institutions for non-psychiatric nurses can reduce their negative attitude toward psychiatric patients and difficulties in caring for psychiatric patients.

The Effectiveness of Community-based Muscle and Joint Self Management Program for Older Adults

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a community-based muscle and joint self-management program with muscle stretching and muscle strengthening exercises for community-dwelling older adults. METHODS: The study was a pre-and-post design in a single group, which examined the effects after the intervention of muscle and joint self-management program for 6 weeks, on the 42 subjects of the elderly who registered in a Community Senior Center in J city. Data analyses were conducted with paired t-test by using a SAS (version 9.2 for Windows) program. RESULTS: The effectiveness of muscle and joint self-management program on shoulder flexibility and right knee extension (flexibility) were significantly improved (t=2.72, p=.010; t=−2.26, p=.029). Joint symptoms (pain, stiffness), physical functioning, depression, fatigue, and left knee extension were not significantly improved after the muscle and joint self-management program. CONCLUSION: The results showed the possibility of this 6-week exercise program in improving shoulder and knee flexibility for community-dwelling older adults.

Care Burden for Mental Illness Patients, Attitude toward Mental Illness and Psychiatric Nursing Competency in Non-psychiatric Nurses / 정신간호학회지

PURPOSE: The purposes of this study were to identify the level of care burden for patients with mental illness, attitudes toward mental illness and psychiatric nursing competency in non-psychiatric nurses and to identify correlations among these variables. METHODS: Data were collected from 153 non-psychiatric nurses who worked at a hospital located in Seoul, Korea. Care burden for mental illness patients, attitudes toward mental illness, and psychiatric nursing competency were measured using structured questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Scheffé test and Pearson's correlation coefficients with the SPSS/WIN 21.0 program. RESULTS: Non-psychiatric nurses' care burden for mental illness patients showed negative correlations with attitude toward mental illness (r=-.50, p<.001) and intervention competency (r=-.31, p<.001). CONCLUSION: The findings of this study suggest that effective nursing care for patients with mental illness in non-psychiatric departments requires enhancing nurses' competency in psychiatric nursing and developing positive attitudes toward mental illness.

Comparison of Boys' and Girls' Families for Actor and Partner Effect of Stress, Depression and Parent-Adolescent Communication on Middle School Students' Suicidal Ideation: Triadic Data Analysis

PURPOSE: This study was done to compare families of boys or of girls for actor and partner effect of stress, depression and parent-adolescent communication as perceived by mother, father and adolescent on adolescents' suicidal ideation. METHODS: Participants were 183 families (104 boys' families, 79 girls' families) who met eligibility criteria. All measures were self-administered. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0 program. RESULTS: In boys' families, boys' depression and communication with father showed actor effect on boys' suicidal ideation. Boys' stress showed indirect effect on boys' suicidal ideation through communication with father and boys' depression. Mothers' depression showed indirect partner effect on boys' suicidal ideation through boys' depression. In families of girls, girls' depression and stress showed actor effects on girls' suicidal ideation. Girls' communication with mother showed indirect effects through girls' depression. Also girls' stress showed indirect effect through girls' depression. Stress in mothers and/or fathers showed partner effect on girls' suicidal ideation. CONCLUSION: To intervene in adolescents' suicidal ideation and promote adolescents' mental health, programs should be developed differently according to gender and based on parent's psychological states.

Clinicopathological characteristics of synchronous and metachronous gastric neoplasms after endoscopic submucosal dissection

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) has become accepted as a minimally invasive treatment for gastric neoplasms. However, the development of synchronous or metachronous gastric lesions after endoscopic resection has become a major problem. We investigated the characteristics of multiple gastric neoplasms in patients with early gastric cancer (EGC) or gastric adenoma after ESD. METHODS: In total, 512 patients with EGC or gastric adenoma who had undergone ESD between January 2008 and December 2011 participated in this study. The incidence of and factors associated with synchronous and metachronous gastric tumors were investigated in this retrospective study. RESULTS: In total, 66 patients (12.9%) had synchronous lesions, and 13 patients (2.5%) had metachronous lesions. Older (> 65 years) subjects had an increased risk of multiple gastric neoplasms (p = 0.012). About two-thirds of the multiple lesions were similar in macroscopic and histological type to the primary lesions. The median interval from the initial lesions to the diagnosis of metachronous lesions was 31 months. The annual incidence rate of metachronous lesions was approximately 3%. CONCLUSIONS: We recommend careful follow-up in patients of advanced age (> 65 years) after initial ESD because multiple lesions could be detected in the remnant stomach. Annual surveillance might aid in the detection of metachronous lesions. Large-scale, multicenter, and longer prospective studies of appropriate surveillance programs are needed.

Safe Distal Resection Margin in Patients With T3 Mid and Distal Rectal Cancer Who Underwent a Sphincter-Saving Resection Without Preoperative Radiotherapy

No abstract available.

A Case of Pneumorrhachis and Pneumoscrotum Following Colon Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

Endoscopic submucosal dissection has been a useful treatment of selected colorectal neoplasia cases. The incidence of perforation related to colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection is 5-20%. However, while there have been numerous reports regarding retroperitoneal, mediastinal, pleural and subcutaneous emphysema after therapeutic colonoscopy, pneumoscrotum is a relatively rare manifestation of perforation associated with colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection. In particular, pneumorrhachis, or air within the spinal cord, following therapeutic colonoscopy, is extremely rare. Herein, we report a conservatively treated perforation case as having pneumorrhachis, penumoscrotum, and pneumoperitoneum after colorectal endoscopic submucosal dissection.

A Case of Gastric Cavernous Hemangioma Diagnosed by Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection

Gastric cavernous hemangioma is a relatively rare benign gastric disease. Gastric hemangiomas are most commonly encountered in adulthood, although they can occur in any age group. While surgical resection is the curative treatment, endoscopic resection can be performed for treatment of selected cases. The patient was a 53-year-old male who was referred for evaluation of incidentally detected gastric subepithelial tumor with dense vascularity and oozing on the apex of the lesion. An EUS revealed a homogenously hypoechoic mass confined to the submucosal layer that showed no continuity with adjacent vessels, and there was no regional lymphadenopathy. Endoscopic submucosal dissection was successfully performed with en bloc resection. The final diagnosis was benign cavernous hemangioma of the stomach.

A Case of Argon Plasma Coagulation Therapy for Hemorrhagic Radiation-induced Gastritis / 대한소화기내시경학회지

Hemorrhagic radiation-induced gastritis is a rare but serious complication of upper gastrointestinal radiation treatment, and no simple and effective treatment method has yet been developed. Studies on effective treatment methods for achieving hemostasis in patients with hemorrhagic radiation-induced gastritis are necessary, because the new indications for upper gastrointestinal radiotherapy in the field digestive oncology can potentially lead to an increased incidence of radiation-induced gastric vasculopathy. For the first time in Korea and to the best of our knowledge, we report here on a 59-years-old male patient with hemorrhagic gastritis that was induced by external radiotherapy for ampullary adenocarcinoma. This was all well-treated using Argon plasma coagulation (APC).

A Case of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Involving the Kidneys in a Patient with IgA Nephropathy / 대한류마티스학회지

Renal involvement in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a typical manifestation of the disease. The occurrence of non-lupus nephritis, especially IgA nephropathy (IgAN), in patients with SLE has rarely been reported. We describe the case of a 21-year-old woman who was diagnosed with IgAN and subacute necrotizing lymphadenitis, and her renal lesion biopsy was typical of lupus nephritis (ISN/RPS Class III). Although IgAN and lupus nephritis share some common physiopathological characteristics, their laboratory, histopathologic findings, and the extra-renal clinical manifestations are different and support a different pathogenesis. Our case highlights the importance of a renal biopsy in patients with lupus and urinary alterations despite underlying IgAN. A correct diagnosis would permit the most appropriate immunosuppressive treatments to be considered.

Induction of ovulation with follicle-stimulation hormone human menopausal gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin: Correlation of multiple follicular-oocytes development and serum E2 levels as well as fertilizability in ovulatory patients for in vit / 대한산부인과학회잡지

No abstract available.

A Case of Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Confluence in Adult Diagnosed by Echocardiography

Total anomalous pulmonary venous confluence(TAPC), a rare cyanotic congenital anomaly of the heart especially in adult, is now diagnosed by echocardiography instead of cardiac catheterization with high sensitivity and specificity. The key points are identification of pulmonary veins, pulmonary venous confluence draining anomalously to the heart. RVDVO on M-mode, abnormal echo free space posterior to left atrium on 2D-echo are basic characteristics of TAPVC. Peak velocity and flow profile measurement on the doppler provide additional informations : obstruction and anomalous vessels. A case of 23 year old male with supracardiac type TAPVC diagnosed by echocardiography was corrected successfully by surgery.

A Clinical Observation on 24 Hour Holter Monitoring: The Differences between Day and Night Time

A modern development of ambulatory ECG monitoring gave great advances in the diagnosis and evaluation of various cardiac conditions. Fifteen cases of ischemic heart disease, 11 cases of nonischemic heart disease, 5 cases of noncardiac disease and 9 cases of normal healthy subjects were studied from January 1980 to July 1981 in national Medical Center, with the following results: 1) The heart rate was decreased during night time, with less decreasing tendency in patients with ischemic heart disease. 2) Among 30 cases, including 12 patients with ischemic heart disease, who didn't show arrhythmia on routine 12 lead ECG, 12 cases, including 6 patients with ischemic heart disease, showed arrhythmia on Holter monitoring. 3) Among 5 cases with ischemic heart disease who showed premature ventricular contraction on day time monitoring, 2 cases didn't show premature ventricular contraction on nigh time monitoring. 4) The S-T segment and T wave were changed during night time in 2 cases with ischemic heart disease and in 2 normal subjects. From these results, we could assert that Holter monioring or ambulatory ECG tracing would be a good method for diagnosis and evaluation of ischemic heart disease, and other cardiac conditions. Several another studies with this equipment have to be performed and would give more distinctive outcomes.